【实践记录】Windows 安装 WSL2 完整指南

# 查看可用发行版列表
wsl --list --online

# 安装指定发行版
wsl --install -d <发行版名称>

wsl --install --web-download -d <发行版名称>

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

shutdown /r /t 0

wsl --set-default-version 2

# 查看可用发行版
wsl --list --online

# 安装（以 Ubuntu 为例）
wsl --install -d Ubuntu

Enter new UNIX username: your_username
New password: ********
Retype new password: ********

# 在 WSL 中执行
sudo adduser your_username
sudo usermod -aG sudo your_username

ubuntu config --default-user your_username

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

wsl --install -d Debian
wsl --install -d kali-linux

wsl --list --verbose

  NAME            STATE           VERSION
* Ubuntu          Running         2
  Debian          Stopped         2
  kali-linux      Stopped         2

# 切换默认发行版
wsl --set-default Debian

# 临时使用指定发行版运行命令
wsl -d kali-linux cat /etc/os-release

wsl --update

[wsl2]
memory=4GB          # 限制最大内存
processors=2        # 限制 CPU 核数
swap=2GB            # 限制交换空间
localhostForwarding=true

wsl --shutdown

cd /mnt/c/Users/你的用户名/Desktop

\\wsl$\Ubuntu\home\你的用户名

# 检查 GPU 是否可用
nvidia-smi

wsl -d Ubuntu -- /bin/bash -c "while true; do sleep 1000; done" &

[wsl2]
networkingMode=mirrored
dnsTunneling=true
autoProxy=true

wsl --shutdown

# 在 ~/.bashrc 或 ~/.zshrc 中添加
proxy_on() {
    export http_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:7890"
    export https_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:7890"
    export all_proxy="socks5://127.0.0.1:7890"
    export no_proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,::1"
    echo "代理已开启 → 127.0.0.1:7890"
}

proxy_off() {
    unset http_proxy https_proxy all_proxy no_proxy
    echo "代理已关闭"
}

# 获取 Windows 主机 IP
export HOST_IP=$(cat /etc/resolv.conf | grep nameserver | awk '{print $2}')

# 设置代理
export http_proxy="http://${HOST_IP}:7890"
export https_proxy="http://${HOST_IP}:7890"
export all_proxy="socks5://${HOST_IP}:7890"
export no_proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,::1"

proxy_on
curl -I https://www.google.com
# 返回 200 OK 表示代理生效

# 备份原有源
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

# 替换为阿里云镜像（以 Ubuntu 22.04 为例）
sudo sed -i 's@//.*archive.ubuntu.com@//mirrors.aliyun.com@g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo sed -i 's@//.*security.ubuntu.com@//mirrors.aliyun.com@g' /etc/apt/sources.list

# 更新索引
sudo apt update

# 阿里云镜像源（Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy）
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com

# 安装 zsh
sudo apt install zsh -y

# 安装 Oh My Zsh
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

# 如果无法访问 GitHub，使用 Gitee 镜像
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://gitee.com/mirrors/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh)"

# zsh-autosuggestions（命令自动补全建议）
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

# zsh-syntax-highlighting（命令语法高亮）
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

plugins=(git zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting)

# Powerlevel10k（需额外安装，效果最佳）
ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"

# 其他简洁主题
# ZSH_THEME="agnoster"
# ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell"  # 默认

git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k

p10k configure

chsh -s $(which zsh)

[boot]
systemd=true

wsl --shutdown

systemctl list-units --type=service

# 启动 SSH 服务并设置开机自启
sudo systemctl enable ssh
sudo systemctl start ssh

# 启动 Docker 服务
sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo systemctl start docker

# 查看服务状态
sudo systemctl status ssh

[boot]
systemd=true
command = /usr/bin/env bash -c "echo 'WSL 已启动'"

[interop]
enabled=true
appendWindowsPath=true

[automount]
enabled=true
root=/mnt/
options="metadata,umask=22,fmask=11"

# 用 Windows 资源管理器打开当前目录
explorer.exe .

# 用 Windows 打开文件
cmd.exe /c start file.pdf

# 用 Windows 的 notepad 打开文件
notepad.exe README.md

# 调用 Windows 的 PowerShell
powershell.exe -Command "Get-Date"

# 在 WSL 中执行命令
wsl ls -la /home
wsl cat /etc/os-release

# 使用指定发行版执行命令
wsl -d Debian cat /etc/debian_version